Why is the area around 30° north and south latitude referred to as the horse latitudes?

The area around 30° north and south latitude is referred to as the horse latitudes primarily because of the historical practice related to sailing ships running into calm winds in these regions. When ships found themselves in these calm conditions, they often had to conserve resources, particularly fresh water. In some instances, such as when the ships had a shortage of food and water, horses, which were valuable cargo, were thrown overboard if they could not sustain them during prolonged calm periods. This imagery contributed to the nomenclature of the "horse latitudes," as it linked the difficulties of sailing in those regions with the fate of the horses on board.

This understanding provides insight into the maritime challenges faced by sailors during the Age of Sail, where weather patterns could significantly impact voyages. The term highlights the dire conditions that sailors would face, rather than focusing on celebratory or punitive actions.