Which theory asserts that the total wealth of the world is a fixed quantity?

The Mercantile Theory, often associated with mercantilism, asserts that a nation's power is directly related to its wealth, which is seen as a fixed quantity. This theory posits that global wealth does not increase; rather, it is finite and can only be gained through trade surpluses. The focus is on accumulating bullion (gold and silver) and other resources, leading countries to seek a favorable balance of trade to ensure their prosperity at the expense of others. In this view, if one nation gains wealth, it does so at the cost of another, reinforcing the idea that the total wealth of the world remains constant.

The other theories mentioned do not operate under the same premise regarding the fixed nature of global wealth. The Geometric Theory, Trade Imbalance Theory, and Balance of Power Theory do not primarily focus on wealth as a static concept but cover different aspects of economic and political relations, such as the dynamics of trade or political authority among states. Therefore, the assertion of a fixed total wealth aligns specifically with the principles of the Mercantile Theory.