Which term describes the change between the highest and lowest frequencies heard compared to the source frequency?

The term that accurately describes the change between the highest and lowest frequencies heard compared to the source frequency is the "Doppler shift." This phenomenon occurs when a sound source moves relative to an observer, causing the frequency of the sound waves to change. When the source approaches, the sound waves are compressed, resulting in a higher frequency (or pitch), and as it moves away, the waves are stretched, leading to a lower frequency.

The concept is foundational in understanding how motion affects sound waves and is crucial in various scientific and practical applications, such as radar and astronomy. The other terms listed, like Doppler transition, Doppler effect, and Doppler movement, might relate to the general concept of frequency change due to motion but do not specifically refer to the measurement of the frequency differences that occur as a source moves toward or away from an observer, which is the essence of the Doppler shift.