Which statement best describes the temperature change on the Moon?

The statement that the Moon has extreme temperature fluctuations is correct because the Moon's lack of atmosphere results in a drastic difference between day and night temperatures. During the Moon's day, temperatures can soar to around 127 degrees Celsius (260 degrees Fahrenheit) due to direct sunlight. In contrast, at night, when the Sun is no longer illuminating the surface, temperatures can plummet to about -173 degrees Celsius (-280 degrees Fahrenheit). This significant range is a direct result of the Moon's slow rotation relative to its orbit around the Earth, as well as its inability to retain heat due to the absence of an atmosphere to distribute and moderate temperature changes.

The other statements do not accurately capture the Moon's thermal characteristics. For instance, stating that it does not experience any temperature change fails to acknowledge the extreme conditions experienced on the lunar surface. Similarly, claiming it experiences gradual temperature change overlooks the sharp contrasts between day and night. Lastly, the assertion that it only gets cold at night ignores the intense heat experienced during the lunar day. Therefore, the correct statement reflects the reality of the Moon's extreme temperature fluctuations caused by its unique environmental conditions.