Which global power was primarily challenged during the Spanish-American War?

The correct answer, Spain, reflects the central role the country played in the Spanish-American War, which occurred in 1898. This conflict marked a significant turning point in U.S. foreign policy and highlighted the waning influence of Spain as a global power. The war was primarily spurred by the United States' support for Cuban independence from Spanish colonial rule, fueled by American concerns over human rights and imperial expansion.

Spain's military presence in the Caribbean and the Philippines made it the primary adversary for the U.S., leading to a swift military campaign marked by key battles like those in Cuba and the Philippines. By the end of the war, Spain lost its empire in the Americas and ceded territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States, thus significantly reducing its global influence.

Understanding the geopolitical context of the late 19th century shows that the Spanish-American War was less about contesting powers like Great Britain, France, or Germany, which were already addressing other interests internationally and were not directly involved in this conflict. The war exemplified America's emergence as a new global power, stepping into the role previously dominated by Spain.