Which condition is best for a ship's stability?

A low center of gravity and a low center of buoyancy is indeed an effective condition for a ship's stability. Stability in a ship is primarily determined by the relationship between the center of gravity (CG) and the center of buoyancy (CB).

When a ship has a low center of gravity, it means that the weight of the ship is distributed lower down in the hull, which helps minimize the likelihood of tipping over or heeling excessively. A low CG contributes to a righting moment that helps the ship return to an upright position if it tilts due to waves or other forces.

Additionally, a low center of buoyancy creates a favorable relationship with the center of gravity. When the center of buoyancy is low, it enhances the ship's stability by increasing the righting moment when the ship tilts. This stability allows the ship to maintain its upright position more effectively.

In summary, having both a low center of gravity and a low center of buoyancy effectively contributes to the ship's overall stability, making it better equipped to handle external forces and maintain balance in the water.