Which body has the power to declare war according to the U.S. Constitution?

The correct response identifies Congress as the body with the power to declare war according to the U.S. Constitution. This authority is explicitly granted in Article I, Section 8, which outlines the powers specifically allocated to Congress. This provision reflects the Founding Fathers' intent to ensure that the decision to go to war would be deliberate and democratic, requiring the collective agreement of the representatives of the people rather than being left solely to the Executive Branch.

The Constitution provides the President with the role of Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, allowing for the management and direction of military operations. However, the significant decision to formally declare war lies with Congress, which holds the power to extend military engagements.

The Supreme Court's function is primarily judicial, interpreting and applying the law, but it does not have the authority to declare war. Similarly, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, as military leaders, provide strategic military advice but do not possess legislative powers. This division of powers is crucial in maintaining a system of checks and balances within the U.S. government structure.