Which agency is responsible for meteorological observations and weather forecasts?

The National Weather Service (NWS) is the correct answer because it is a key component of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and is specifically tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings, and meteorological observations for the United States. The NWS operates a network of weather stations, radars, and satellites to gather meteorological data, which it uses to produce forecasts and disseminate information to the public and various government entities.

Although NOAA encompasses a broader range of responsibilities related to oceanic and atmospheric conditions, including climate research and environmental monitoring, it is through the NWS that specific weather forecasting and observational duties are carried out.

The other options reflect different aspects and roles related to meteorology. For instance, Aerographers are members of the military who specialize in weather and oceanographic data, working under the guidance of agencies like the NWS. The Fleet Weather Center is part of the Department of Defense and provides tailored weather support for naval operations, but its role is more specialized compared to the NWS's broader public weather services. Therefore, while all the choices are related to meteorology, the National Weather Service is specifically designated for conducting meteorological observations and delivering weather forecasts to the general population.