When a ship rolls, the center of buoyancy creates torque known as what?

The correct answer focuses on the concept of buoyancy and the term "righting arm." When a ship rolls, the center of buoyancy shifts relative to the center of gravity. This shift creates a torque or moment that acts to return the ship to an upright position, which is referred to as the righting arm.

The righting arm is essentially the horizontal distance between the center of gravity and the center of buoyancy when the ship is tilted. This torque generated by the buoyancy works against the force of gravity and helps stabilize the ship. The greater the righting arm, the stronger the torque created to counteract the rolling motion, thus enhancing the vessel's stability in the water.

Understanding this relationship is crucial in naval architecture and seamanship, as it directly impacts the design and handling of ships.