What was the difference between Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm?

The distinction between Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm revolves around the sequence of military actions during the Gulf War in the early 1990s. Operation Desert Shield was primarily focused on the buildup of coalition forces in Saudi Arabia following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990. This operation aimed to protect Saudi Arabia and deter further Iraqi aggression while preparing for potential military action.

On the other hand, Operation Desert Storm began on January 17, 1991, and was characterized by the offensive military operations, which started with a massive air campaign to disable Iraq's military infrastructure. This initial air assault was a crucial component of the coalition's strategy to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi control. Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the transitional nature of these operations, highlighting that the first was more about preparation and deterrence, while the latter focused on the actual offensive action against Iraqi forces.

The other options do not accurately reflect the nature of these operations or their objectives. The comparison to a conflict with Iran is misleading, and suggesting they were the same thing or that Desert Shield was fought at sea does not align with the historical context and operations conducted.