What was one of the main challenges faced by Allied forces in the Battle of the Atlantic?

The main challenge faced by Allied forces in the Battle of the Atlantic was indeed the German submarine tactics and technology. Throughout this prolonged conflict, the Germans effectively utilized U-boats to target and disrupt Allied shipping lanes, which were crucial for transporting troops and supplies. The implementation of "wolf pack" tactics, where groups of submarines would coordinate attacks on convoys, greatly increased their effectiveness and presented a significant challenge for the Allied naval forces.

Additionally, the technological advancements of the German submarines, such as improved torpedoes and stealth capabilities, allowed them to operate more effectively in the open ocean. These elements forced the Allies to continually adapt their strategies, which included increased convoy protection and anti-submarine warfare tactics, but the formidable German U-boat threat remained a critical hurdle throughout the war.