What type of winds prevail in both hemispheres between the equator and 30 degrees of latitude?

The correct choice refers to the Trade Winds, which are consistent winds that blow from the east toward the west between the equator and approximately 30 degrees latitude in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. These winds are a result of the way the Earth rotates and the uneven heating of the planet's surface by the sun.

In the tropics, this heating leads to warm air rising at the equator, which then cools and moves towards the poles at higher altitudes. As the air moves north and south, it descends around 30 degrees latitude, creating high-pressure areas. The Trade Winds form as these descending air masses flow back toward the equator due to the Coriolis effect, which causes the winds to curve to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

The other terms mentioned are associated with different geographic or meteorological phenomena. For example, the Doldrums refer to a region near the equator where the winds are very calm and unpredictable, resulting in little wind activity. The Westerlies occur in the mid-latitudes, where winds blow from west to east, and Polar Easterlies are found near the poles, blowing from east to west.