What is the term for the process that creates changes in the surface of the Moon over time?

The correct answer is erosion. Erosion is a geological process that involves the wearing away and transportation of materials from one location to another, often caused by elements such as wind, water, and ice. On the Moon, while it lacks a significant atmosphere and liquid water, erosion can occur through other mechanisms such as micrometeorite impacts. These impacts gradually break down the lunar surface material, altering its landscape over time.

In contrast, weathering refers to the breakdown of rocks and minerals in place without mobilization, which is primarily related to atmospheric conditions that the Moon lacks. Impact is associated with the cratering process caused by space objects striking the Moon, which does change its surface but does not encompass the broader actions of material movement and degradation associated with erosion. Refraction pertains to the bending of light as it passes through different media and is not related to geological processes on the Moon.