What is the term for the obstruction of the Moon's light by the Earth?

The term for the obstruction of the Moon's light by the Earth is an eclipse, specifically a lunar eclipse. During this event, the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon, blocking the sunlight that normally illuminates the Moon’s surface. As a result, the Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, causing it to appear darkened or even red in color due to the scattering of sunlight through the Earth's atmosphere—a phenomenon often referred to as a "blood moon."

This process is distinct from other concepts such as phases of the Moon, which refer to the cycle of changes in the Moon’s apparent shape as it orbits the Earth. Planetshine involves sunlight reflecting off a planet and illuminating its moon, rather than an obstruction of light. An impact crater is a depression left on a celestial body due to a collision with an asteroid or comet, which is unrelated to the blocking of sunlight. Thus, the correct term specifically captures the interaction of celestial bodies during the event where the Earth obstructs sunlight from reaching the Moon.