What is the primary advantage of space-based observatories compared to ground-based ones?

The primary advantage of space-based observatories lies in their ability to avoid atmospheric disturbances. When telescopes are located on Earth, they must contend with the Earth's atmosphere, which can distort and absorb light from celestial objects. Atmospheric turbulence can blur images and limit the range of wavelengths that can be observed, particularly in infrared and ultraviolet light.

In contrast, space-based observatories operate above the atmosphere, enabling them to capture clearer and more detailed images without the interference caused by atmospheric conditions. This allows for more accurate and sensitive observations of various astronomical phenomena, such as distant galaxies, star formation, and the cosmic microwave background radiation.

This unique capability is significant for advancing our understanding of the universe, as it enhances the quality of data collected, leading to better scientific discoveries and insights.