What is the outcome of El Niño on marine life?

The outcome of El Niño on marine life is characterized by die-offs of plankton and fish, which is why the correct answer is B. During an El Niño event, there is a significant change in ocean temperatures and currents in the Pacific Ocean. Warmer waters can lead to a decrease in nutrient upwelling, which is crucial for plankton growth. As plankton populations decline, the entire marine food web is affected since many fish species depend on plankton as a primary food source. The disruption of these ecosystems can lead to widespread die-offs in marine life, particularly among species that rely on stable conditions for reproduction and feeding.

In contrast, improved fishing conditions, stable weather patterns, and increased ocean biodiversity are generally not associated with El Niño events. In fact, the opposite tends to occur: the fishing industry often faces declines due to the disruption in fish populations and habitats during these periods. Thus, while El Niño can lead to various environmental changes, its impact on marine life typically results in negative outcomes rather than benefits.