What is echo sounding used to determine?

Echo sounding is a technique used primarily to determine the depth of the ocean bottom. It works by sending sound pulses down into the water. When these sound waves hit the seafloor, they bounce back to the source. The time it takes for the sound waves to return is measured and used to calculate the distance to the seafloor. This method is crucial for mapping underwater topography, establishing safe navigation routes, and conducting marine research.

While echo sounding does not provide direct information about the physical and chemical properties of the sea, speed of water movement, or the speed of sound in water, its primary purpose remains the accurate measurement of depth. This capability makes it a vital tool in maritime operations, scientific exploration, and environmental studies.