What impact does a temperature inversion have on radio wave propagation?

A temperature inversion occurs when a layer of warm air traps cooler air near the ground, which can significantly affect the propagation of radio waves. In typical conditions, radio waves travel in straight lines and can be reflected or refracted depending on the temperature and density of the atmosphere. When a temperature inversion is present, the warmer air layer can bend the radio waves back towards the ground instead of allowing them to continue into the atmosphere. This bending effectively increases the range of transmission, enabling signals to travel over longer distances than they would under normal atmospheric conditions.

The increased range occurs because the radio waves can reflect off this "cap" of warmer air, allowing them to propagate beyond the horizon, potentially reaching areas that would otherwise be out of range. This phenomenon is particularly noticeable for VHF (Very High Frequency) and UHF (Ultra High Frequency) signals, which can benefit significantly from these atmospheric conditions.

Ultimately, the impact of a temperature inversion is not neutral or negative in terms of range; rather, it enhances overall transmission capabilities under certain circumstances, which is why this option is correct.