What does a scale on a map indicate?

The correct answer highlights that a scale on a map illustrates the relationship between the distance represented on the map and the actual distance in the real world. This is crucial for interpretation since maps are often a scaled-down representation of larger areas. A scale enables users to convert the measurements on the map—typically given in units like inches or centimeters—to the actual distances on the ground, which are measured in miles or kilometers. This understanding allows individuals to accurately gauge travel distances, plan routes, and understand the geography represented on the map.

The other options miss the specific function of a map scale. While the distance between two cities is certainly a feature that could be determined using the scale, the scale itself does not directly indicate that distance—it serves as a tool for calculating it. Elevation and direction of North are also important features on maps, but they are represented through different symbols or indicators, not through the scale. Thus, the role of a scale is uniquely focused on converting map measurements into real-world contexts, which is why the chosen answer is the most accurate.