Through which layer of the Sun do sunspots rise?

Sunspots actually form in the photosphere, which is the visible surface layer of the Sun. The photosphere is the layer where we can see the light emitted by the Sun, and sunspots appear as dark spots on this layer due to their lower temperature compared to the surrounding areas.

The chromosphere lies above the photosphere and is characterized by a reddish glow as it is visible during solar eclipses. While the chromosphere plays a role in the overall dynamics of solar activity, sunspots themselves do not originate there.

The corona is the outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere, extending far into space and visible during a total solar eclipse. It is characterized by extremely high temperatures, but again, this is not where sunspots arise.

In summary, while the chromosphere is a significant layer of the Sun's atmosphere and interacts with solar phenomena, it is not the source of sunspots, which actually rise in the photosphere. Therefore, the correct layer associated with the formation of sunspots is the photosphere, not the chromosphere.