In locations where traditional sonar cannot be used, which method can be more effective?

Passive sonar is effective in locations where traditional sonar methods are limited or not practical. This method relies on listening for sounds made by underwater objects, such as submarines, rather than emitting sound waves and analyzing their echoes, like active sonar. In environments where background noise is high, or where sound propagation is hindered—such as shallow waters, areas with a lot of marine life, or locations with significant underwater structures—passive sonar can still detect the presence of targets. Since it is less intrusive, it also avoids revealing the listener's position, making it advantageous for stealth operations.

In contrast, other methods, such as active sonar, involve sending out sound pulses and listening for their echoes, which can be ineffective in certain conditions where sound cannot travel well or where the emanated sound could alert nearby objects. Visual scanning can be limited in poor visibility conditions, such as murky waters or when trying to detect submerged objects. Dipping sonar, typically used by naval helicopters or aircraft, may not be feasible in constrained environments or when immediate, continuous tracking isneeded.